Los ntawm Bauxite mus rau Alumina
Aluminium yeej tsis pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv hlau hauv qhov xwm txheej. Nws yog muab rho tawm los ntawm bauxite, ib tug reddish ore mined nyob rau hauv tropical thiab subtropical cheeb tsam uas tom qab weathering concentrates aluminium hydroxides nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw. Cov ore yog crushed thiab zom nyob rau hauv kub caustic soda nyob rau hauv lub siab, uas dissolves lub txhuas- bearing minerals thiab tawm hlau thiab titanium residues qab li av nkos liab. Tom qab qhia meej, cua txias thiab nag lossis daus, cov tshuaj yields aluminium hydroxide, uas yog calcined ntawm ib ncig ntawm 1,000 degrees Celsius los tsim cov hmoov dawb hu ua alumina. Kwv yees li ob tonnes ntawm alumina xav tau los ua ib lub tonne ntawm cov hlau, thiab cov saw hlau tag nrho yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov qauv xws li EN 573-3 rau qib wrought.
Kev tsim cov tshuab ua kom zoo dua qub vim tias cov txheej txheem zom thiab calcination siv feem ntau ntawm cov thermal zog hauv cov saw hlau. Niaj hnub nimno refineries rov qab cov txheej txheem cua sov los ntawm lub calciner thiab rov qab siv cov cawv caustic nyob rau hauv kaw loops, uas txo ob qho tib si roj xav tau thiab qhov ntim ntawm residue uas yuav tsum tau tswj.
Smelting, Hluav taws xob thiab cov lus nug carbon
Thawj aluminium yog tsim los ntawm Hall-Heroult txheej txheem, nyob rau hauv uas alumina yog yaj nyob rau hauv molten cryolite thiab ib tug ncaj tam sim no kis ntawm ib tug carbon anode thiab lub cathode hauv ob sab phlu ntawm lub cell. Qhov tam sim no rhuav tshem cov aluminium-oxygen daim ntawv cog lus, thiab cov hlau molten sau rau hauv pem teb ntawm tes. Hluav taws xob yog nyob deb ntawm tus nqi tseem ceeb, feem ntau suav txog kwv yees li 40 feem pua ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom, thiab cov txheej txheem xav tau kwv yees li 13-15 MWh ntawm hluav taws xob ib tonne ntawm hlau hauv cov smelters niaj hnub. Tias yog vim li cas smelters yog tsim nyob ib sab ntawm pheej yig, tsis tu ncua fais fab: hydroelectric thiab geothermal mov muab ib tug tsawg dua carbon siv ib tonne tshaj thee-based grid hluav taws xob.
Recycling hloov kev lag luam tag nrho. Remelting sorted scraps siv li ntawm 5 feem pua ntawm lub zog ntawm thawj smelting, yog li theem nrab hlau stabilizes tus nqi, buffers hluav taws xob - nqi swings thiab muab downstream fabricators ib tug credible txoj kev mus rau qis - carbon cov khoom. Export se thiab tariff structures nyob rau hauv qee lub teb chaws ua lag luam ntxiv ib txheej ntxiv ntawm tus nqi volatility uas buyers tswj los ntawm ntev - daim ntawv cog lus muab khoom.
Kev xaiv ntawm 3003 thiab 5052 Aluminium
Ob leeg alloys muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab coil khoom, tab sis lawv tsis hloov pauv tau . 3003 yog ib qho txhuas -manganese alloy nrog lub zog nruab nrab, zoo heev formability thiab zoo corrosion kuj, uas ua rau nws lub workhorse rau panels, ductwork, cookware, tshav kub exchanger fins thiab vov tsev ntawv . 5052 yog ib tug aluminium -magnesium alloy 2 feem pua. nws yog qhov muaj zog dua, muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws corrosion kuj ntawm cov tsis muaj -kub- qib kho tau, thiab ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv marine, roj- tank thiab siab- nkoj kev pab cuam, ntawm tus nqi ntawm tsawg formable nyob rau hauv nruj khoov.
| Khoom | 3003 (Al{1}}Mn) | 5052 (Al{1}}Mg 2.5%) |
|---|---|---|
| Hom tensile lub zog, H14 temper | Txog 150 MPa | Txog 230 MPa |
| Formability thiab sib sib zog nqus kos duab | Zoo heev | Zoo, tighter khoov radii yuav tsum tau |
| Corrosion kuj | Zoo nyob rau hauv feem ntau cua | Zoo heev, suav nrog dej ntsev thiab roj |
| Weldability | Zoo | Zoo, siab zog tuav nyob rau hauv weld cheeb tsam |
| Hom kev siv | Panels, ducting, fins, ru tsev, cookware | Marine qauv, roj tso tsheb hlau luam, cov hlab ntsha siab, lub cev tsheb thauj khoom |
Kev txiav txim yuav tsum nco ntsoov ua raws li cov khoom lag luam tsim nyog thiab lub xeev alloy, temper, qhov ntev thiab kam rau ua ua ke, vim tias ob tus neeg muag khoom hais txog tib lub nominal alloy tuaj yeem xa cov khoom sib txawv heev yog tias qhov kub thiab txias qhib.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Aluminium Cans Sau
Ob-cov kaus poom dej haus tau dai kom zoo nkauj ntawm - cov kab nrawm nrawm. Tom qab tsim, lub cev tuaj yeem raug ntxuav, tshuaj kho thiab ziab kom tus number case thiab lacquer tuaj yeem ua tus yuam sij rau cov hlau. Cov txheej txheem qhuav - offset hloov cov duab los ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawv nkhaus mus rau ib daim pam thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau qhov kev sib hloov, tso lub tsho hauv qab thiab txog yim xim hauv ib qho dhau los. Txhua lub kaus poom yog dai kom zoo nkauj hauv qab 0.3 vib nas this ntawm kab ceev. Lub cev luam tawm tom qab ntawd dhau los ntawm qhov cub kho qhov chaw uas tus number case tau ci ntawm kwv yees li 150 degrees Celsius, thiab cov kua roj vanish yog siv los tiv thaiv tus tsim tawm tsam scuffing thaum sau, palletizing thiab thauj.
Tib lub kauj - txheej txheej logic siv rau daim ntawv architectural thiab cov khoom siv, qhov twg cov xim los yog laminate zaj duab xis yog siv rau cov kauj vab ua ntej tsim kom cov khoom tiav zoo ib yam thiab cov neeg siv khoom tsis txhob khiav cov kab xim.
Nkag siab Temper Designations: O, H thiab T
Temper qhia tus neeg yuav khoom dab tsi tau ua rau cov hlau tom qab dov, thiab nws thiaj li kwv yees lub zog, hardness thiab formability. Tsab ntawv cov cai yog txhais los ntawm lub cev sau npe thiab piav qhia hauv cov qauv xws li EN 515, thiab lawv poob rau hauv peb tsev neeg.
O kubyog tag nrho annealed, lub softest thiab feem ntau ductile mob, siv nyob rau hauv qhov twg hnyav forming yuav tsum tau.
H seriesnpog strain-hardened, non-heat-kho alloys. Thawj tus lej qhia txog hom hardening thiab qhov thib ob qhov degree, yog li H32 txhais tau hais tias cov tawv nqaij tawv thiab tom qab ntawd ruaj khov mus rau ib lub hlis twg - mob hnyav, thiab H14 lossis H16 qhia txog kev nyuaj siab ntawm 3003, 5052 lossis 5754 daim ntawv.
T seriesnpog cov alloys ntxiv dag zog los ntawm kev kho cua sov, qhov twg cov lej hauv qab no piav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm txias tom ntej thiab kev laus. T6 qhia txog cov tshuaj kho thiab cov hnub nyoog tsim nyog rau lub zog siab tshaj plaws, feem ntau ntawm 6061 extrusions, thaum T4 yog ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog thiab T651 yog kev ntxhov siab -relieved los ntawm stretching.
Sib piv cov npau taws rau cov txheej txheem yog dab tsi tsis txhob xav tsis thoob ntawm lub khw hauv pem teb. Ib feem uas yuav tsum tau khoov mus rau lub vojvoog nruj yuav tsum muaj O lossis H kub siab, thaum lub cev muaj zog xav tau T6 lossis H siab tawv thiab khoov radii ntau dua.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: Yuav ua li cas yog aluminium rho tawm ntawm pob zeb?
Bauxite yog mined, zom nyob rau hauv kub caustic soda thiab calcined rau dawb alumina hmoov, uas yog ces yaj nyob rau hauv molten cryolite thiab cais los ntawm electrolysis nyob rau hauv lub Hall -Heroult cell kom tso molten txhuas.
Q: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm 3003 thiab 5052 txhuas?
3003 yog aluminium- qib manganese nrog zoo formability thiab nruab nrab lub zog, thaum 5052 yog ib tug muaj zog aluminium-magnesium qib nrog superior corrosion kuj uas suits marine thiab roj-hu rau daim ntaub ntawv.
Q: Vim li cas aluminium nqi ntau dua hlau?
Hluav taws xob, tsis yog ore, tsav tus nqi: smelting siv kwv yees li 13-15 MWh ib tonne thiab lub zog sawv cev ib ncig ntawm 40 feem pua ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom, yog li kev lag luam hluav taws xob thiab cov se xa tawm txav cov nqi txhuas.
Q: Dab tsi yog temper txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv aluminium?
Temper piav qhia txog kev kho tshuab tom qab dov. O yog tag nrho annealed thiab softest, H codes npog strain-hardened non-heat- qib kho tau xws li H32, thiab T codes npog cov cua sov-kho alloys xws li T6.
Q: Yuav ua li cas yog txhuas cov kaus poom dai kom zoo nkauj sai sai?
Ntxuav thiab kho lub cev tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws - offset rotary tshuab luam ntawv uas lays lub hauv paus lub tsho tiv no thiab mus txog yim xim nyob rau hauv ib lub kiv puag ncig, siv nyob rau hauv 0.3 vib nas this rau ib lub kaus poom, ua ntej tus number case yog ci ntawm li 150 degrees Celsius.
Q: Puas yog kev rov ua dua tshiab puas txo tus nqi ntawm txhuas?
Yog lawm. Remelting seem yuav tsum muaj li ntawm 5 feem pua ntawm lub zog siv hauv thawj smelting, uas txo tus nqi ib tonne, stabilizes tus nqi tiv thaiv lub zog -kev ua lag luam viav vias thiab txo cov pa roj carbon ntau.
